Introduction
Maryland generally has a more complex set of gun purchasing requirements compared to many other states. As of 2023, there are approximately 783 federally licensed firearms dealers (FFLs) operating within the state. This guide will walk you through the typical process of legally purchasing a firearm in Maryland, including key requirements and considerations.
It's important to note that firearm laws can change frequently, so always verify the current regulations with local authorities or an FFL before making a purchase.
FFL Transfer Process
In Maryland, all gun purchases - whether from a dealer or a private seller - must go through a licensed FFL. The FFL will facilitate the background check and transfer process. Typically, this involves the buyer completing the federal ATF Form 4473 and providing valid identification. The FFL will then initiate a background check through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS).
Background Check Requirements
Maryland requires both a federal NICS background check as well as a separate state background check. This state-level check is conducted by the Maryland State Police. The FFL will facilitate both checks as part of the transfer process.
Waiting Periods
Maryland has a 7-day waiting period for handgun purchases. This means there is a mandatory 7-day delay between the time of purchase and when the buyer can take possession of the handgun. There is generally no waiting period for long gun (rifle/shotgun) purchases.
Private Sales
All firearm sales in Maryland, including private party transactions, must go through a licensed FFL. Private sellers cannot complete a sale without involving an FFL to facilitate the background check and paperwork.
Ammunition Purchase
As of 2023, there are no specific state-level requirements for purchasing ammunition in Maryland. Buyers can generally purchase ammunition directly from retailers without any special permits or licenses.
Finding an FFL
There are many federally licensed firearms dealers located throughout Maryland. You can use our FFL directory to search for FFLs in your local area. When choosing an FFL, consider factors like reviews, location, policies, and any additional services they may offer.
FAQ
Do I need to use an FFL for private sales in Maryland?
Yes, all firearm sales in Maryland, including private party transactions, must go through a licensed FFL to facilitate the required background check.
What is the waiting period in Maryland?
Maryland has a 7-day waiting period for handgun purchases. There is generally no waiting period for long gun (rifle/shotgun) purchases.
Can I buy a handgun online and ship it to Maryland?
Yes, you can purchase a handgun online, but it must be shipped to a licensed FFL in Maryland. The FFL will then facilitate the background check and transfer process before you can take possession of the firearm.
Do I need a permit to buy a gun in Maryland?
Maryland requires a Handgun Qualification License (HQL) to purchase a handgun. This involves completing safety training and passing a background check. There is no permit requirement for long gun purchases.
How old do I have to be to buy a gun in Maryland?
The minimum age to purchase a long gun (rifle or shotgun) from an FFL in Maryland is 18 years old. The minimum age to purchase a handgun is 21 years old.
Can I carry a concealed handgun in Maryland?
Maryland is a "may issue" state for concealed carry permits. Applicants must demonstrate a "good and substantial reason" to be issued a permit, which can be difficult to obtain.
Do I need a license to own a gun in Maryland?
Maryland requires a Handgun Qualification License (HQL) to purchase a handgun. There is no license requirement for owning or possessing long guns (rifles and shotguns).
Can I purchase a "ghost gun" (unfinished frame/receiver) in Maryland?
As of 2022, Maryland has banned the sale and possession of "ghost guns" or unfinished frames/receivers that can be used to build untraceable firearms. These types of purchases are no longer legal in the state.